ABSTRACT

Intra-uterine devices (IUDs) are one of the most common, long acting, reversibly-used methods of contraception in the world. IUDs are safe and effective T shaped designed plastic framed devices including copper or levonorgestrel. The purpose of this review was to outline the types, mechanisms, benefits, and adverse effects of IUDs and to help for selection of candidates and devices. The most important role in the mechanism of action is to cause sterile inflammation in the uterine cavity. Hormonal IUDs have also non-contraceptive benefits like reduction in heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, endometrial hyperplasia and anemia. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, anemia and progestin related complaints including acne, weight change, headache, mood changes, hirsutism and nausea are some undesirable effects of IUDs. IUDs are highly preferred in the world and will not be abandoned in the future. They are easily accessible, cheap and cost-effective for contraception.